Since Java 9 every new Java version has incubator modules, which contain features that are still in development and they can be tested by developers.One of these incubators is the Foreign-Memory Access API (JEP 370) that will be introduced in this tutorial.

This is an introduction into the differences regarding the features, the assert commands ("assertFalse", "assertEquals", etc.) and the annotations ("@BeforeEach", etc.) of the two popular testing frameworks "JUnit" and "TestNg".

The pattern "Factory" can be used in cases where the creation process of an object instance of a class is too complicated or should be separated.

This pattern is used to extend the functionality of objects without the usage of inheritance or changing the original code. This is part of the series "Design Pattern in Java".